Welcome to our website of surgery Multiple Choice review questions (MCQ).This web site is for medical students to help them prepare for various enterance examinations. Answers and explanations to the surgery review questions are provided after 5 questions and we have used Standard text books for references.To help you in your quest we have included search options in all the pages.
Surgery Multiple Choice
Questions for Post graduate Students
Q How does preoperative chemotherapy interact with radiotherapy in carcinoma esophagus?
A) Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can interact in several ways.
1.Both treatment modalities may be active against different tumor cell populations (additive effect), the chemotherapy may be effective against micrometastases while radiation is active locoregionally ("spatial cooperation").
2. Chemotherapy may synchronize cells in a vulnerable phase for radiotherapy, decrease repopulation after radiotherapy
3. By shrinking a tumor, enhance reoxygenation, which is advantageous for radiotherapy
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Philly plastic surgery is divided into two main branches: Reconstructive Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery. While each type of surgical procedure is meant to restore or repair parts of the human body, the purpose and/or intentions behind these two types of procedures is what makes them different.
To help you gain a better understanding, the following is a brief breakdown of the two
Philly plastic surgery varieties:
Reconstructive: This is meant for functional purposes, and deals with altering or removing abnormal structures of the body that may be caused from birth defects, disease, injury, or infection. Any distortion to any part of the body can be mended with reconstructive surgery to improve function or to provide a person with a more normal appearance. It can be used to remove tumors, treat scars or burns, remove a cleft in lip, correct hands, feet, ears, etc. so they can be used effectively, and so on.
Cosmetic: This is for altering one’s appearance for aesthetic purposes, and is meant to reshape normal structures of the body to improve upon a person’s looks for their own pleasure. Types of cosmetic procedures include facelift, eyelid lift, breast reduction or augmentation, rhinoplasty, liposuction, and orthognathic surgery (the alteration of facial bones for reshaping).
Undergoing reconstructive or cosmetic Philly plastic surgery is very serious and not something that should be taken lightly. Make sure you are fully aware of all the risks involved, know what realistic results to expect, and be certain this is really what you want before making any final decisions.
