Month: April 2017

Hemodynamic changes after pedicular clamping of Portal structures

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Q) Which of the following hemodynamic  happens during pedicular clamping in liver transaction? 

a) Systemic vascular resistance decreases by 20%

b) Mean arterial pressure decreases

c) Cardiac index decreases by 10%

d) Preload to the heart increases

c-  Cardiac index decreases by 10%

Portal triad clamping is done to decrease blood loss during hepatic transaction. With the advancement in techniques in donor resection in living donor liver transplants, many centers are shifting away from this but in most centers this is still practiced.
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Conduits of Esophagus

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Q) What is true regarding gastric conduits to be used as esophagus replacement?

a) The right gastric and gastro epiploic arteries can be safely divided to bring stomach to the neck

b) For malignant diseases stomach is the most reliable conduit

c) Stomach has the least incidence of developing reflux esophagitis

d) For benign esophageal strictures stomach is the conduit of choice

Hepatic Adenoma

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Q) A 37 year old lady with history of oral contraceptives undergoes a CT scan for pain lower abdomen which also revealed a solitary 6 cm lesion in segment VI of liver.  Triple phase  Ct scan shows a lesion which  enhances in the arterial phase more at the margins and in the venous phase it moves towards the center. This lesion is :

a) Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

b) Haemangioma

c) Hepatic Adenoma

d) Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer is C

Hepatic Adenoma is benign neoplasms of the liver. They are associated with 

  1. OCP use

  2. Androgen containing steroids

  3. Type I and III glycogen storage diseases

They are diagnosed on the basis of CT scans. Diagnostic features of CT Scan for hepatic adenoma are

  1. Non contrast- Heterogenous hypodense mass with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis

  2. Arterial phase shows rapid filling at the periphery then progressing to the center

Hepatocellular carccinoma shows - Rapid arterial filling with wash off in the portal venous phase

Hemangioma- Peripheral nodular enhancement

FNH- Central scar

Rf: Shackelford page 1564

 

Giant Gastric ulcer

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Q) Which of the following is true about giant gastric ulcer?

a) 70-80% of these ulcers  are malignant

b) By definition giant gastric ulcer is more than 1.5 cm in size

c) Medical therapy can heal 80% of  such ulcers

d) They are more common on the greater curvature and invade surrounding organs like spleen, liver etc

Answer for premium members

 

Burns management

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Q) A 45 year old male sustains 30% burns on both legs and anterior abdominal wall.  There was  mild inhalation  injury associated with it. He initially responded well to treatment with IV fluids, Inj Tramadol and enteral feeding.

Three days after the treatment he is having slight tachypnea (30/min) pulse 110/min and BP 98/60. His temp is 97degree F and some areas of partial thickness have converted into full thickness. He is currently on Inj Magnamycin. His platelets are 70ooo, TLC is 17000 and sugar is 200 mg%. What is the next step in management?

a) Continue same management

b) Upgrade the antibiotic and send a fresh culture from skin

c) Treat it as carbon monoxide poisoning

d) Manage in lines of Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer for premium members

Burns management involves critical care, intensive phase and rehabilitation. Loss of skin and eschar formation predispose individuals to gram positive, gram negative and fungal infections.