Month: April 2017

Cardiac Question

Posted on
Q  Structures which may be injured in mitral valve replacement are all except
 A) Circumflex coronary artery
B) Right coronary  artery
C) Aortic valve
D) AV node

Hemodynamic changes after pedicular clamping of Portal structures

Posted on

Q) Which of the following hemodynamic  happens during pedicular clamping in liver transaction? 

a) Systemic vascular resistance decreases by 20%

b) Mean arterial pressure decreases

c) Cardiac index decreases by 10%

d) Preload to the heart increases

c-  Cardiac index decreases by 10%

Portal triad clamping is done to decrease blood loss during hepatic transaction. With the advancement in techniques in donor resection in living donor liver transplants, many centers are shifting away from this but in most centers this is still practiced.
(more…)

Conduits of Esophagus

Posted on

Q) What is true regarding gastric conduits to be used as esophagus replacement?

a) The right gastric and gastro epiploic arteries can be safely divided to bring stomach to the neck

b) For malignant diseases stomach is the most reliable conduit

c) Stomach has the least incidence of developing reflux esophagitis

d) For benign esophageal strictures stomach is the conduit of choice

Hepatic Adenoma

Posted on

Q) A 37 year old lady with history of oral contraceptives undergoes a CT scan for pain lower abdomen which also revealed a solitary 6 cm lesion in segment VI of liver.  Triple phase  Ct scan shows a lesion which  enhances in the arterial phase more at the margins and in the venous phase it moves towards the center. This lesion is :

a) Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

b) Haemangioma

c) Hepatic Adenoma

d) Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer is C

Hepatic Adenoma is benign neoplasms of the liver. They are associated with 

  1. OCP use

  2. Androgen containing steroids

  3. Type I and III glycogen storage diseases

They are diagnosed on the basis of CT scans. Diagnostic features of CT Scan for hepatic adenoma are

  1. Non contrast- Heterogenous hypodense mass with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis

  2. Arterial phase shows rapid filling at the periphery then progressing to the center

Hepatocellular carccinoma shows - Rapid arterial filling with wash off in the portal venous phase

Hemangioma- Peripheral nodular enhancement

FNH- Central scar

Rf: Shackelford page 1564

 

Multinodular goitre

Posted on
Q . Management of Multinodular goitre with dysphagia and pain  neck in 35 year old lady
a) Iodine treatment
b) Surgery
c) Thyroxine (T3 and T4)
d) FNAC and Radioactive Iodine

Giant Gastric ulcer

Posted on

Q) Which of the following is true about giant gastric ulcer?

a) 70-80% of these ulcers  are malignant

b) By definition giant gastric ulcer is more than 1.5 cm in size

c) Medical therapy can heal 80% of  such ulcers

d) They are more common on the greater curvature and invade surrounding organs like spleen, liver etc

Answer for premium members

 

Burns management

Posted on

Q) A 45 year old male sustains 30% burns on both legs and anterior abdominal wall.  There was  mild inhalation  injury associated with it. He initially responded well to treatment with IV fluids, Inj Tramadol and enteral feeding.

Three days after the treatment he is having slight tachypnea (30/min) pulse 110/min and BP 98/60. His temp is 97degree F and some areas of partial thickness have converted into full thickness. He is currently on Inj Magnamycin. His platelets are 70ooo, TLC is 17000 and sugar is 200 mg%. What is the next step in management?

a) Continue same management

b) Upgrade the antibiotic and send a fresh culture from skin

c) Treat it as carbon monoxide poisoning

d) Manage in lines of Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer for premium members

Burns management involves critical care, intensive phase and rehabilitation. Loss of skin and eschar formation predispose individuals to gram positive, gram negative and fungal infections.

 

Melanoma risk factor

Posted on

Q) Risk factor for developing melanoma in a pigmented skin lesion is ?

a) Haemangioma

b) Lentigo maligna

c) Congenital nevocellular nevi

d) Tophi

Answer for premium 

Duodenal atresia

Posted on

Question on Duodenal atresia was asked in AIIMS 2017 in April

Q) An infant presents with duodenal atresia. Which of the following is true about this condition?

a) It is the most common GI atresia

b) It presents soon after birth with non bilious vomiting

c) Pre natal detection of duodenal atresia is common

d) Gastro jejunostomy is the procedure of choice to bypass the obstruction

Answer (free) 

C-

Commonly detected in the pre natal ultrasound

Duodenal atresia is seen in 1:5000 live births .Most common atresia is jejunoileal (1 in 2000). It is associated with lot of other congenital malformations like Down's,  prematurity, biliary atresia etc.

(more…)

Bleeding Peptic ulcer

Posted on

Q) In a patient with a bleeding peptic ulcer, endoscopy is done. Which of the following findings on endoscopy predicts the highest rate of re bleed?

a) Non bleeding vessel

b) Adherent clot

c) Flat pigmented spot

d) Clean base ulcer

Free Answer . Click here for stomach MCQs

a) Non bleeding vessel IIA - Out of the choices given

Bleeding peptic ulcer is mostly from the posterior surface of the lesion and can be sometimes lethal

Forrest classification is used to grade the risk of re bleeding in peptic ulcers.

According to the stigmata of recent bleed, the chances of re bleed increase.

Forrest Classification

Ia - Active Spurting

Ib-  Active oozing

IIa Non bleeding vessel             50% chance of rebleed

IIB Adherent clot

IIC Flat Pigmented spot

III Clean based ulcer

Sabiston 12o3 20th edition