Risk of Malignancy in Choledochal cyst

November 25, 2019 admin

Q) Lowest risk of malignancy is seen in which type of choledochal cyst?

a) I

b) III

c) IV

d) V

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

November 23, 2019December 4, 2019 admin

Q) Which is not a feature of primary hyperthyroidism?

a) Increase Parathormone

b) Increase Calcium

c) Decreased phosphate

d) Dystrophic calcification

Ans d

Clinical features of Hyperparathyroidism are

Subperiosteal bone erosions
Primary Hyperthyroidism is defined as hypercalcaemia in the presence of an unsuppressed and therefore relatively, or absolutely, elevated PTH level. Elevated calcium and elevated PTH are important in diagnosis of PTH
The presence of kidney stones remains the most common clinical manifestation of symptomatic PHPT.
It is associated with a low serum phosphate in the setting of normal creatinine and vitamin D levels

Ref Bailey and Love Page 826

Some useful questions can be bought here MCQs and EMQs in Surgery: A Bailey & Love Revision Guide, Second Edition

Some uncommon disorders associated with hyperparathyroidism include

peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, and bone disease

central nervous system symptoms

Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism are

Parathyroid Adenoma -75% (can be localised by Sestamibi scanning)

Management of primary hyperparathyroidism

Patients with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism as manifested by kidney stones, renal dysfunction, or osteoporosis should undergo parathyroidectomy.

If the patient is asymptomatic and detected to have high parathyroid levels then surgery is done only if