Q) Which of the following is an Adverse factor hindering spontaneous fistula closure:
a) Tract <1cm
b)Transferrin > 200
c) Location in esophagus
d) First surgery done in the same institution
a) Tract less than 1 cm Spontaneous fistula closure Short-turnover protein (prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, transferrin) levels should be measured at least weekly to assess the adequacy of protein delivery. An ongoing catabolic state will adversely affect short-turnover protein levels, even with maximal protein delivery. Failure of an enterocutaneous fistula to close spontaneously is associated with acronym FRIENDS): the presence of a foreign body within the tract or adjacent to it, previous radiation exposure of the site, ongoing inflammation (most commonly from Crohn disease) or infection that contributes to a catabolic state, epithelialization of the fistula tract (particularly if the fistula tract is less than 2 cm long), neoplasm, distal intestinal obstruction, and pharmacologic doses of steroids. Fistulas associated with a concurrent pancreatic fistula also have a low rate of spontaneous closure, as do those occurring in the presence of malnutrition or adjacent infection. In general, anatomic locations that are favorable for closure are the oropharynx, esophagus, duodenal stump, pancreas, biliary tree, and jejunum.