General Surgery Questions Chapter 1 Body response to injury
Shock & Body Response to Injury
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Q1. Counter regulatory hormones in response to metabolic response to injury are all except A. Glucocorticoids B. Catecholamines C. Thyroid hormones D. Glucagon
Ans 1. C Thyroid hormones
In response to injury, the body releases counter-regulatory hormones to mobilize energy substrates and promote healing. These hormones include glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine, norepinephrine), and glucagon, which work to increase blood glucose levels and support metabolic adaptation.
Thyroid hormones, while essential for metabolic regulation, are not considered primary counter-regulatory hormones in the acute metabolic response to injury.
Q2. Direct effects of GH in metabolic response to injury are all except:- A. Lipolytic B. Insulin agonist C. Insulin antagonist D. Proinflammatory
Ans 2.b
Growth hormone (GH) has several direct effects in the metabolic response to injury. It is lipolytic, meaning it promotes the breakdown of fats, and acts as an insulin antagonist, decreasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, leading to increased blood glucose levels. GH also has proinflammatory effects by stimulating immune function and inflammatory processes during injury.
GH is not an insulin agonist. In fact, it counteracts the effects of insulin, promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, which contributes to hyperglycemia during the stress response.
Q3.) What is not seen in Distributive Shock?
a) High central venous pressure
b) High Cardiac output
c) High Base deficit
d) High Mixed Venous Saturation
Ans 3) a
In distributive shock, such as septic or neurogenic shock, there is widespread vasodilation, leading to low central venous pressure (CVP) due to reduced preload. Other characteristics include:
High cardiac output (B) in cases like septic shock due to compensatory mechanisms.
High base deficit (C), indicating metabolic acidosis from impaired tissue perfusion.
High mixed venous saturation (D) due to inadequate oxygen extraction by tissues, commonly seen in septic shock.
Therefore, high central venous pressure is not a typical feature of distributive shock.
Causes of Distributive Shock are
Anaphylaxis
High spinal cord injury
Septic shock
Toxic Shock Syndrome
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