Annular pancreas

Management of annular pancreas

Q) All are true about annular pancreas except ( AIIMS GI Surgery Question bank)

a) They are mostly asymptomatic

b) It has equal incidence in children and adults

c) Treatment of choice is duodenojejunostomy

d) Associated with Down's syndrome


 Answer c

Annular pancreas is a congenital malformation but manifestations can appear in the adult life.

Annulus means a ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum. For annular pancreas to be diagnosed, this ring can be complete or incomplete.

Embryological basis

Normally the ventral buds of pancreas and  dorsal bud fuses together. Non rotation and fusion of these two leads to the formation of annular pancreas. It envelops the  2nd part of duodenum.

Age of presentation

Incidence is equal in both adults and children

Presentation in children is congenital anomalies and duodenal obstruction

Presents in adults as pancreatitis usually in 3rd or 4th decade

Association with other pancreatic conditions

1. Pancreas  divisum 35- 40%

2. Chronic pancreatitis 45- 50%

Other GI conditions

Annular pancreas is a possible etiology of congenital duodenal obstruction and is associated with other congenital anomalies such as Down syndrome, duodenal atresia, and imperforate anus.

Clinical Fetaures

Of those seen as adults, 75%were seen with pain

22% were diagnosed with pancreatitis

24%) had gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that included vomiting,

11%had obstructive jaundice and/or abnormal liver function test results.

Ref BG page 869

Treatment

It is duodenal bypass and not resection of duodenum as duodenum excision can lead to pancreatitis

in children its duodeno - duodenostomy

in adults duodenoduodenostomy which has now replaced duodenojejunostomy

Sabiston

Questions on Pancreas 

BISAP Score In Pancreatitis

Q) All are components in BISAP score except?

a) Age more than 60 years

b) WBC more than 16000

c) GCS <15

d) BUN > 25 mg/dl


Ans )b

The Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis  BISAP is a more-recent score than the older Ranson's Criteria. It predicts mortality risk in pancreatitis with fewer variables than Ranson's.

It does not require data points from 48 hours into a patient's hospital admission.

It includes

BUN > 25 mg/dL (8.9 mmol/L) : NoYes
Abnormal mental status with a Glasgow coma score < 15 : NoYes
Evidence of SIRS : NoYes
> 60 years old : NoYes
Pleural effusion :

Pancreatic protocol CT

Q) All are true about pancreatic protocol CT except (#AIIMS ) 

a) > 90% of un resect able lesions  are picked up by CT

b) It is a dual phase CT with cuts taken at 40 secs and 70 secs

c) Liver metastasis are  detected in early arterial phase

d) All are true

Other questions on Pancreas


Questions on Pancreas(1-5)                   Pancreas q 21-25                Whipple Operation

Pancreatic Carcinoma                                     Spleen

Pancreatitis                                                       Appendix

Pancreatic trauma                                           Pancreas Q 26-30

Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Q)  Ideal time for CECT in severe acute pancreatitis is
A. After 72 hours
B. After 48 hours
C. 24 hours
D. At admission

Answer for premium members

Mild acute pancreatitis 

  1. enlargement of the pancreas with loss of definition of the borders of the pancreas. 
  2.  Thickening of the right or left anterior pararenal fascia 

Severe Acute pancreatitis 

 Main determinant of clinical outcome is the degree of systemic organ disturbance, particularly during the early hours and days after admission to hospital

More than half of all deaths in AP occur within the first 2 weeks of illness  and are usually a consequence
of multiple organ failure

The revised Atlanta Classification 
3  grades of severity of pancreatitis:

Mild AP—characterized by the absence of organ failure or local
complications

Moderately severe AP—defined by...................read on 

 

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