Esophagus

Association of Carcinoma Esophagus

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Q) Adenocarcinoma of esophagus is associated with which of the following? ( #All Esophagus MCQS) 

a) Achalasia cardia

b) Barrett's disease

c) Human Papilloma virus (HPV)

d) Alcohol use

Answer - b

Association of carcinoma esophagus is with a number of risk factors. Both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of esophagus have different etiologies

Risk factors for Adenocarcinoma are                                                        Risk factor for Squamous cell carcinoma are

  1. Tobacco                                                                                                   1. Alcohol
  2. GERD                                                                                                       2. tobacco 
  3. Obesity                                                                                                     3. Achalasia
  4. Barrett                                                                                                      4. Caustic injury of esophagus
  5. H/o previous radiation for breast cancer                                         5. Previous radiation of CA breast                

                                                                                                                             6. H/o head and neck cancer

                                                                                                                             7. Plummer vinson and tylosis

Achalasia is associated with both Adenocarcinoma and SCC ( Table 35.2 - Shackelford) 

Esophagus Length

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Q) Length of Esophagus is 

 A. 20 cm
B. 25 cm
C. 30-35cm
D. 40cm

Length of esophagus is important in various resection surgeries as well as endoscopy

Answer

 b 25 cm

The length of esophagus  is anatomically defined as the distance between the cricoid cartilage and the gastric orifice. It ranges in adults from 22 to 28 cm (24 ± 5 SD),  last 3 to 6 cm of which are located in the abdomen.

The shortest distance between the cricoid cartilage and the celiac axis is the orthotopic route in the posterior mediastinum, being 30 cm. The retrosternal (32 cm) and the subcutaneous route (34 cm) proved to be longer

Deviations to the left 

Esophagus through out its length deviates to the left in superior mediastinum and lower posterior mediastinum.

Constrictions of esophagus

Cervical narrowest at c5/6

Thoracic T4-5

Abdominal

 

Ref Shackelford page 10

anatomy of esophagus

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Q Which of the following is true about anatomy of esophagus?
A. Oesophageal hiatus is superior to aortic hiatus
B. Thoracic duct crosses esophagus at T3-T4level at the level of azygos vein arch
C. Laimer triangle is superior to the Killians triangle
D. In the mediastinum right vagus runs anteriorly and left vagus runs posteriorly

Answer

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