Category: Free Questions

Free MCQs in Surgery

Highly selective vagotomy

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Q) False about highly selective vagotomy
a) Highly selective vagotomy divides the vagus nerves supplying the acid-producing portion of the stomach
b) Incidence of postoperative complications is lower.
c) The criminal nerve of Grassi should be severed
d) Crow's feet nerves are severed till below the GE junction

 

 Ans -d

HSV only divides the last part of the nerves which supply the part of stomach which produces acid
Acnt and post nerves of Latarjet are found and their terminal branches are severed from 7 cm proximal to the pylorus to 5 cm above the GE junction
Motor function of the stomach is not affected
Criminal nerve of grassi is branch of posterior vagus. It should be sought and cut
Ref sab 2oth page 1206

Post Whipple’s Bleeding

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Q) Post whipples on pod4 patient presented with fever, tachycardia and pain, usg showed collection, which was drained percutaneously. on pod 10 there is frank blood of 100ml in drain, next line of management

a. Ct angiography

b. Emergency laparotomy

c. flush the drain with noradrenaline
d. Observe

Ans a 

This is extraluminal bleed on 10th POD following most likely a pancreatic fistula. Clinical condition is mentioned for day 4 which is  because of pancreatic leak.  A pancreatic fistula can cause vascular pseudo aneurysm so answer is A CT angiography

Early extraluminal PPH requires reexploration.

Intraluminal bleeding may manifest as extraluminal if there is associated anastomotic breakdown,and this may be amenable to angiographic intervention when involving the pancreaticojejunostomy.

Patients present with septic complications and/or a sentinel  bleed. Radiographic embolization has become a more successful modality, with up to 80% success,13 but is limited by the initially intermittent nature of the bleeding

Exploration - if patient is not stable
Ref SKF  page 1241

 

Tumor lysis syndrome

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Q)Tumor lysis  syndrome which is not seen

a. hyperkalemia

b hypocalcemia

c. hypophosphatemia

d. hyperuricemia

Ans is c

Tumor lysis syndrome releases, various intracellular  metabolites such as uric acid, potassium and phosphorous which overwhelm the excretory capacities of the kidney.

The metabolic anomalies are

Hyperuricemia

Hyperkalemia

Hyperphosphatemeia

Hypocalcemia

It mostly occurs in poorly differentiated leukemias and lymphomas

Corrosive Stricture esophagus

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Q) Which has no part in management of corrosive injury of esophagus?

a) Repeated Endoscopies routinely

b) Esophagectomy in some cases

c) Early emergency surgery routinely

d) Steroid use routinely

C

Other than the need for emergency surgery for bleeding or perforation, elective oesophageal resection should be deferred for at least 3 months until the fibrotic phase has been established.

Oesophageal replacement is usually required for very long or multiple strictures. Resection can be difficult because of perioesophageal inflammation in these patients.

Regular endoscopic examinations are the best way to assess stricture development (Figure 62.12). Significant stricture formation occurs in about 50% of patients with extensive mucosal damageo Corrosives can cause significant pharyngolaryngeal oedema

In unusual circumstances, e.g. with extensive necrosis after corrosive ingestion, emergency oesophagectomy may be necessary.

Bailey 27th page 1075

Haemorrhoidectomy

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Q) Not an indiction of haemorrhoidectomy 

a) Persistent Second degree haemorrhoid 5 days after sclerotherapy

b) 3rd degree haemorrhoid

c) Fibrosed  haemorrhoid

d)  interno-external haemorrhoids when the external haemorrhoid is well defined.

Ans a

haemorrhoids can persist for 10 days after sclerotherapy

The indications for haemorrhoidectomy include:

● third- and fourth-degree haemorrhoids;

● second-degree haemorrhoids that have not been cured by non-operative treatments;

● fibrosed haemorrhoids;

● interno-external haemorrhoids when the external haemorrhoid is well defined.

Four degrees of haemorrhoids ●●

First degree – bleed only, no prolapse ●●

Second degree – prolapse but reduce spontaneously ●●

Third degree – prolapse and have to be manually reduced ●●

Fourth degree – permanently prolapsed

BAiley page 1357

 

Pseudo achalasia

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Q) Most common cause of  pseudo achalasia is ?

(a) Benign tumors of esophagus
(b) Chagas disease
(c) Caustic injury
(d) Adenocarcinoma of cardia

Answer free for all 

d

Pseudoachalasia is an achalasia-like disorder that is usually produced by adenocarcinoma of the cardia
Other uncommon causes are
 1.benign tumours at this level.
2, Tumors of bronchus, pancreas
Ref Bailey page 1097

Marjolin Ulcer

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Q) True about Marjolin's ulcer

a) lymphatic spread is common

b) They are painful

c) Aggressive and fast growing tumors

d) Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type

d. squamous cell carcinoma

When a SCC or BCC occurs in a long standing scar, it is called marjolin's ulcer.

Marjolin's type of ulcer is a malignant change that can occur in any long standing ulcer (ie venous ulcer)

Scar tissue is devoid of lymphatics, so no lymphatic spread. Lymphatic spread can still occur when it invades normal tissue. also nerve endings are not in scar tissue, so pain is a late feature

They are slow growing tumors, and squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type. Slow growth is again due to avascular characterstic

Pouchitis after IPAA in ulcerative colitis

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Q) Which of the following is Not a risk factor for pouchitis post IPAA in ULcerative colitis

A) Smoking
B ) NSAIDs use post op
C) Elderly patients
D) UC with extra intestinal manifestation

Ans a

Pouchitis is the complication of Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) for Ulcerative colitis. The incidence of pochitis for the same proedure for familial Adenomatous polyposis is less than 10% but for ulcerative colitis can go as high as 50%.

Risk factors for development of pouchitis are

  1. Previous extra intestinal manifestations of IBD especially arthritis
  2. ANCA positive cases of UC
  3. NOD2insC  positive patients
  4. Smoking prevents the development of puchitis after IPAA in ulcerative colitis.

5. Other reported factors that may associate with pouchitis include extent of UC, thrombocytosis,and PPI use with  NSAId

Ref - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/den.12744