For patients with disease confned to the thyroid, total thyroidectomy is recommended to remove all C cells with elective dissection of the central neck nodes. If there is evidence of nodal metastases, gross
disease should be remove
Q) Newborn with abdominal distension on day 2, not passed meconium. There is absent anal orifice. WHat is the next step? # NEET SS 22
a) Cross table X ray
b) Invertogram
c) Anoplasty
d) Sigmoid colostomy
Ans a) Cross table X ray
1st step in such cases Rule out congenital abnormalities of spine, sacrum , kidney heart etc
2nd step Cross table x ray If it shows Perineal fistula do ANoplasty, If x ray shows rectal gas below coccyx do PSA RP with or without colostomy, If it shows gas above coccyx with associated defects do colostomy
Butyrate For the fermentable complex carbohydrates available, colonic flora produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Butyrate, an SCFA, is the principal source of nutrition for the colonocyte.
Mammalian cells do not produce butyrate, the colonic epithelium and luminal bacteria form an essential and elegant symbiotic relationship.
Antibiotics disrupt this cohabitation—decreased bacteria leads to less butyrate, which, in turn, negatively affects colonocyte function leading to diarrhea.
Q) Most common lymph node involved in carcinoma prostate is a. Obturator b. Iliac c. Periprostatic d. Perivesical
a ✅
Lymphatic spread may occur (1) via lymphatic vessels passing to the obturator fossa or along the sides of the rectum to the lymph nodes beside the internal iliac vein and in the hollow
of the sacrum
Also lymphatics that pass over the seminal vesicles and follow the vas deferens for a short distance to
drain into the external iliac lymph nodes.
From retroperitoneal lymph nodes, the mediastinal nodes and occasionally the supraclavicular nodes may become implicated.