Q) A 25-year-old male presents after a stab wound to the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line. He is hypotensive, tachycardic, and confused. eFAST reveals pericardial fluid. What is the next best step in management?
A. Pericardiocentesis B. Emergency thoracotomy C. CT angiography of the chest D. Chest tube insertion
Q) During a surgical skills assessment, you are asked to perform a hand-sewn intestinal anastomosis using a continuous, inverting suture that enters the bowel lumen. Which of the following suture techniques best fits this description?
#Theme from INI CET GI Mock test
A. Lembert suture B. Cushing suture C. Gambee suture D. Connell suture
Correct Answer: D. Connell suture
The Connell suture is a continuous, inverting, full-thickness suture technique. It is unique because:
The needle enters the bowel lumen, passing through the mucosa.
It is run parallel to the incision line.
It achieves inversion of the bowel edge, which promotes serosal healing but intraluminal suture exposure is a drawback.
Historically used for the inner layer of two-layer bowel anastomoses.
Comparison with Other Options:
A. Lembert suture
Seromuscular only, avoids the mucosa
Interrupted or continuous
Inverting, but does not enter lumen
B. Cushing suture
Continuous, inverting
Parallel to incision
Penetrates submucosa but not mucosa (no lumen entry)
C. Gambee suture
Interrupted, inverting
Passes through a small portion of mucosa
Designed to minimize mucosal eversion and reduce luminal exposure
Q) Which of the following is the primary reason why serology is not recommended for evaluating H. pylori treatment success? Q from next INI GI MOck test # Stomach
A) Serological tests are less sensitive than stool antigen and urea breath tests. B) Antibody levels can remain elevated for months to years after infection is eradicated. C) Serological tests lack the ability to detect IgG antibodies accurately. D) Serology tests have a specificity of less than 50%.
In Distributive shock Systemic vascular resistance and venous pressure are low ( because of vasodilation)
All other parameters are high
Distributive Shock Symptoms
Vasodilation
Warm peripheries
Hypotension
Causes of Distributive Shock are
Anaphylaxis
High spinal cord injury
Septic shock
Toxic Shock Syndrome
The distributive shock from adrenal insufficiency occurs due to decreased alpha-1 receptor expression on arterioles secondary to cortisol deficiency, which results in vasodilation. This is seen in patients on chronic steroids that are stopped suddenly.
Q) Known case of Ca breast presents with headache and signs of raised ICT. Solitary brain metastasis is confirmed on CT scan. How will you manage initially