MRCS

Grades of Splenic Injury – Image based Question

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Q) 45 year old male with road side accident and fracture of 3 ribs on left side. CT scan of the abdomen is shown below. Out of the five grades of splenic injury What is the grade  in him ?

Splenic Injury grades

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

a) Grade II

b) Grade III

c) Grade IV

d) Grade V 

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Ans b Grade III

Grade 1
Subcapsular haematoma <10% of surface area
Parenchymal laceration <1 cm depth Capsular tear
Grade 2
Subcapsular haematoma 10–50% of surface area; Intraparenchymal haematoma <5 cm
Parenchymal laceration 1–3 cm
Grade 3
Subcapsular haematoma >50% surface area; ruptured subcapsular or intraparenchymal haematoma ≥5 cm Parenchymal laceration >3 cm depth
Grade 4
Any injury in the presence of a splenic vascular
injury or active bleeding confned within the splenic
capsule
Parenchymal laceration involving segmental or hilar
vessels producing >25% devascularisation
Grade 5
Any injury in the presence of splenic vascular injurya
with active bleeding extending beyond the spleen
into the peritoneum – shattered spleen
Vascular injury is defined as a pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula and appears as a focal collection of vascular contrast that decreases in attenuation with delayed imaging.
Active bleeding from a vascular injury presents as vascular contrast, focal or diffuse, that
increases in size or attenuation in the delayed phase
Bailey 1224 

natural history breast cancer

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Q. True about breast cancer is?

a) Doubling time of breast tumor is 1 month

b) Skip metastasis in level iii lymph nodes is common

c) Lungs are commonly involved by direct invasion

d) Dimpling of skin is due to shortening of cooper's ligaments

Ans

Trauma

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Q) a 50 year old man with road side accident and injuries on right chest and femoral fracture, He is conscious,  BP is 80/60 , Pulse 104/min, and chest expansion is reduced. JVP is not raised and heart sounds are normal. Respiratory rate is 22/min

What does he have

a) Left heart failure

b) Fat Embolism

c) Pneumothorax

d) Fluid loss

Clinical Paediatric surgery Question

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Q.  A 6 months old baby is brought to the emergency with continuous crying and drawing his legs up for 1 day. He has vomiting and passage of bloody stools. On examination a lump is found in right hypochondrium. What is the best clinical diagnoses?

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Ureteral injuries

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Q) A 24 year old male suffers low velocity gun shot wound in lower abdomen. On exploration there is a 1 cm segment loss of left ureter above the pelvic brim. Best management is :

a) Ureterocystostomy

b) Uretero ureterostomy

c) Ureterostomy

d) Ligation of ureter 

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