It is the sudden loss of autonomic tone due to spinal cord injury. Disruption of descending sympathetic pathway leads to vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance.
Patient has bradycardia and not tachycardia.
Extremities are warm in these cases.
Q2. Shock which is associated with acquired adrenal insufficiency
a) Cardiogenic
b) Septic
c) Neuorgenic
d) Hypovolemic
2. b Septic Shock
Sepsis activates the endogenous release of cortisol,
Cortisol forms both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to restrict inflammation in infected tissues.
Other factors,
a) including vascular or ischemic damage
b) inflammation
c) apoptosis within the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
d) drugs that alter cortisol metabolism, may cause adrenal insufficiency
Q3.RET Oncogene is located in
a) 10 q11
b) 10 p11
c) 11q10
d) 11p10
3.a
Point mutations in RET gene leads to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MENII)
This mutation leads to constitutive activation in protein kinase which leads to continuous cell activation
Cytogenetic Location: 10q11.21, which is the long (q) arm of chromosome 10 at position 11.21
Ref https://ghr.nlrm.nih.gov/gene/RET#location
Q4. Moh's microsurgery is usually not done for
a) Melanoma
b) Basal cell carcinoma
c) Squamous cell carcinoma
d) Merkel cell carcinoma
4.a
Moh's microsurgery is a tecnique in which cancer removal is done with the minimal defect in the tissues. 2mm margin of skin is removed and submitted for frozen section till a tumor free margin is achieved.
Melanocytic aytpia is not properly analyzed in frozen section therefore this technique is less applicable in melanoma
Q5. 26 year old woman after severe bleeding due to PPH develops acute renal failure. Serum glucose is 150mg/dl, sodium is normal, potassium is 6.5 meq/l and bicarbonate 15meq/l. What should be the next step in treatment
a) IV 0.9% NAcl
b) 100ml of 50% glucose with insulin
c) IV Calcitonin
D) IV Magnesium Sulphate
5. b
In hyperkalemia bringing back the potassium levels below 5.5 is important to prevent arrythmias. GI (Glucose insulin) drip drives potassium back into the cells from the plasma and decreases serum potassium.
