Similar Onco Surgery GEn Questions
These are the practice questions for MCH entrance in onco Surgery. MCQs are followed by answers
Q1) For Superficial radiation. which is most commonly used
a) electron
b) neutron
Q2. Which is the wrong match
- Rudolf virchow demonstrated that cancer is a disease of cells and result of abnormal proliferation
- Theodor boveri demonstrated the importance of chromosomal abnormalities in cancer
- Rudolf virchow demonstrated the link between inflammation and cancer
- Paul erlich, Frank mcfarlane, Lewis Thomas demonstrated the link between chronic inflammation and cancer
Q 3 False about Warburg effect
a) Fermentation of glucose to lactate observed even in the presence of completely functioning mitochondria is known as the Warburg Effect.
b) Warburg Effect is thought to be an early event in oncogenesis due to oncogene mutation
c) Aerobic glycolysis is a symbiotic process supplying lactate to the nearby tumor cells which use in citric acid cycle
d) Rate of glucose metabolism through aerobic glycolysis is higher such that the production of lactate from glucose occurs 10-100 times faster and more efficient than the complete oxidation of glucose in the mitochondria.
Q 4 False about chemokines
a) CXCL12, which is the ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4, enriched on breast cancer cells also present in bone marrow , lymph nodes, liver and lung
b) Melanoma cells were found to express elevated levels of the receptors CXCR4, CCR7, and CCR10 also expressed on Lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone marrow
c) Chemokines and their receptors play an essential role in the successful outgrowth of tumors at preferential sites supporting seed soil hypothesis
d) The normal counterparts of cancer cells also express chemokines and their ligands equally
Q5) How many generation of cells it would take to make a cancer clinically detectable?
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
Q6 True about gompertzian growth
a) Doubling time of cancer cells increases with time
b) Tumor growth is exponential as the number of cells increases
c) Cancer cells don’t compete with each other , they have perfect symbiosis
d) Tumor cells are most sensitive to anti proliferative drugs when they are first detected
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Q7 What is known as mitotic catastrophe
- aberrant mitosis caused by failure of the G2 checkpoint to block mitosis when DNA is damaged can lead to cell death
- unregulated cell destruction associated with the release of proinflammatory signals
- cell death triggered by growth factor withdrawal, hypoxia, DNA damage
- cells undergoing permanent growth arrest
Ans a
Q 8 True about telomere
a) The number of doublings is controlled by telomeres, the ends of chromosomes that are composed of several thousand repeats of a short 4–base pair sequence element.
b) Telomerase prevent end-to-end chromosomal fusion.
c) Each DNA replication is associated with a loss of 50 to 100 base pairs of telomeric DNA from the ends of every chromosome.
d) The progressive shortening of telomeres through successive cycles lead to shortening and end-to-end chromosomal fusions, yielding a karyotype disarray that almost inevitably results in cancer
Ans. C
A is wrong because telomeres are several thousand repeats of short 6 base pair sequence
B telomere not telomerase prevents end to end fusion.
c) Correct
d) Progressive telomere shortening results in cell death not cancer.
Ref. Sabiston
Q9 False about cancer stem cells ( CSC)
a) These cells are extraordinarily rare within the tumor and usually make up less than 10% of neoplastic cells and often less than 5%.
b) CSCs may generate tumors through self-renewal as well as through differentiation into multiple cell types.
c) Various cell surface markers have been used to define CSCs, such as CD44, CD133, and CXCR4 .
d) CSC are more sensitive to chemotherapy than the rest of tumor
Ans D.
CsC are less sensitive to chemotherapy than the rest of tumor . Ref sabiston
Q10 ) Patients with HER2 mutation with CA stomach, CA esophagus and CA breast were included in trial to study efficiency of trastuzumab. This is
a) Umbrella trial
b) Responder trial
c) Randomised trial
d) Basket trial
Ans. 10 D Basket trial
This is patients with particular mutations in different cancers are included. Different histology is basket
Umbrella trial- Different mutations leading to different targetted Treatment in SAME malignancy. Single histology, multiple biomarkers each matched to treatments
Q11 Patients with CA stomach of CDH mutations and p53 mutations, CA esophagus with HER2 mutation, CA lung with Kras mutations and ki 67 overexpression are included in trial. This is
a) Umbrella trial
b) Responder trial
c) Randomised trial
d) Basket trial
Ans a) Umbrella trial.
This is multiple cancers with multiple mutations patients included in trial.
Q12) Obesity is associated with highest risk of developing which malignancy?
A. Renal cell carcinoma
B. CA Endometrium
C. Gastic cancer
d) Esophagus cancer
Q13) All are hallmarks of cancer except:
A. Anti-inflammation
B. Genetic instability and mutation
C. Angiogenesis
D. Dysregulated cell energetic