Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis

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Q) Not true about  recurrent pyogenic cholangitis :

a) Mostly there are intrahepatic strictures with involvement of the left side duct

b) It can present as choledocho duodenal fistula

c) There is complete biliary obstruction which  leads to marked jaundice and pruritis

d) MRCP and other other cholangiography can be diagnostic

Answer c

In recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC)  complete obstruction does not occur and jaundice and pruritis is not marked.  RPC is a disease commonly seen in young Asians (also known as oriental cholangiohepatitis) which leads to multiple strictures in extra or intrahepatic ducts.

Association with Ascaris lumbricoides and Clonorchis sinensis has been noted.

It can present as choledocholithiasis  with stricture, choledochoduodenal fistula, acute pancreatitis, secondary biliary cirrhosis and can lead to cholangiocarcinoma.

MRCP can be diagnostic and is preferred because of its non invasive nature.

Relapse in colon cancer

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Q) All of the following colon cancers have high rate of relapse except? (# colon 1) 

a) Obstruction/Perforation

b) Venous invasion

c) Mucin production

d) High microsatellite instability

Flaps in Plastic Surgery

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Q. Z plasty is an example of 

a) Advancement flap

b) Delayed flap

c) Transposition flap

d) Rotation flap

Answer for all 

Flaps in plastic surgery are the cornerstone of management of skin and wound defects.

Advancement flaps are used to cover skin defects in face, scalp and neck. Examples of advancement flaps are monopedicled flaps,

bipedicled and V Y advancement flap.

Delay of flap is a surgical preconditioning, in which the blood supply  is partially blocked prior to actual procedure. It increases the length of the flap as well as its uptake rate.

Transposition flap - used in head and neck surgery, a rectangular flap is rotated.

 

Beger Procedure for Chronic Pancreatitis

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Q) True about Beger procedure for chronic pancreatitis

a) Posterior branch of gastro duodenal artery is preserved.

b) Beger procedure is  a pancreatic head mass resection that can be done for small pancreatic tumors.

c) Intra pancreatic, choledochal and ampullary structures are removed.

d) Neck of the pancreas is not  transected

Answer a) Posterior branch of GDA is preserved

Beger procedure for chronic pancreatitis is mostly done in Europe. Hans Beger in 1972 in Germany introduced this  for chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory head mass. This is a complex procedure which removes head of the pancreas but leaves duodenum, a thin rim of pancreas around the medial aspect of duodenum and intrapancreatic bile duct intact.

The difference from  similar Frey's procedure is that in Beger procedure neck of the pancreas is transacted where as in Frey, neck of the pancreas is not cut.

This procedure is not recommended if there is suspicion of carcinoma  head of pancreas and Whipple is the procedure for that For Small tumors it can be used

Posterior branch of GDA is preserved in Beger Procedure.

Reconstruction is at two places: Distal pancreas and rim of the pancreas at medial side of duodenum.

Free Questions on Pancreas

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