Q) Which of the following is not true as compared to adults
a) Infant head is 20% of body surface area
b) In infants transverse supra umbilical incisions give better access than vertical
c) Umbilicus is superiorly placed
d) Rib fracture is rare
Ans c
Infants and small children have a wide abdomen, a broad costal margin and a shallow pelvis so supra umbilical transverse incision is better
Statement a is correct
Ribs are horizontal and flexible so rib injury is rare
Umbilicus is low lying
REf BAiley page 119
Q) Inguinal hernia in children, identify the wrong statement
a) More common in boys
b) more on right side
c) they are indirect
d) 50% are bilateral
Ans d
15% are bilateral
Inguinal hernias in children are almost always indirect and due to a patent processus vaginalis.
It is associated with prematurity
Bailey page 124